逐光子计数，重新定义灵敏度Counting photons, redefining sensitivity
SPAD（单光子雪崩二极管）让每一个入射光子都被确定性地记录。这是一种与传统 CMOS 完全不同的成像范式。A SPAD — single-photon avalanche diode — records every incoming photon deterministically. It is a fundamentally different imaging paradigm from conventional CMOS.
一个光子，
一次雪崩One photon,
one avalanche
SPAD 工作在反向偏压高于击穿电压的“盖革模式”。当单个光子被吸收并激发出一个载流子时，强电场触发雪崩倍增，瞬间产生一个可测量的电流脉冲。A SPAD operates in "Geiger mode," reverse-biased above breakdown. When a single photon is absorbed and frees one carrier, the strong field triggers avalanche multiplication — instantly producing a measurable current pulse.
- 单光子即可触发——灵敏度达到光的物理极限A single photon is enough — sensitivity at the physical limit of light
- 输出天然是数字脉冲，可被直接计数Output is inherently a digital pulse, counted directly
- 基于硅基 CMOS 工艺，可与读出电路单芯片集成Built in silicon CMOS — integrable with readout on a single die
四项根本性优势Four fundamental advantages
极致低光Extreme low light
无读出噪声下限，0.01 lux 星光级仍清晰，无需红外补光。No read-noise floor; clear at 0.01 lux starlight with no IR fill.
高动态范围High dynamic range
专利技术，单帧动态范围 >100 dB。Patented technology — over 100 dB in a single frame.
真实色彩True color
可见光波段成像，不依赖红外，色彩与材质真实还原。Imaging in the visible band — authentic color and texture, no IR.
数字原生Digital-native
输出即数字脉冲，免去模拟链路噪声，易于片上集成。Digital pulses out — no analog-chain noise, easy on-chip integration.
积累电荷 vs 数清光子Accumulate charge vs count photons
模拟电荷累积Analog charge accumulation
像素在曝光期内把光生电荷累积到电容上，再由模拟链路读出。弱信号容易被读出噪声、暗电流淹没；强光下电容饱和导致过曝。动态范围与低光灵敏度受物理限制。Each pixel accumulates photo-charge on a capacitor during exposure, then reads it out through an analog chain. Weak signals sink into read noise and dark current; strong light saturates the well and clips. Dynamic range and low-light sensitivity are physically capped.
单光子计数Single-photon counting
每个光子触发一次雪崩，产生一个数字脉冲，由像素内计数器逐一累加。再通过格朗思的专利成像架构，将动态范围扩展到 100 dB 以上。本质上是数字化、无噪声下限的成像。Every photon triggers an avalanche and a digital pulse, tallied by an in-pixel counter. GlanceVision's patented imaging architecture then extends dynamic range past 100 dB — digital imaging with no noise floor.
同一帧里，
看见星光与强光Starlight and floodlight,
in the same frame
凭借格朗思的专利成像技术，单帧即可覆盖超过 100 dB 的动态范围——而传统 8-bit CMOS 仅约 48 dB。明亮光源与深暗阴影，在同一帧里都清晰可见。With GlanceVision's patented imaging technique, a single frame spans more than 100 dB — where a conventional 8-bit CMOS reaches only ~48 dB. Bright sources and deep shadows stay clear in the very same frame.
“夜视”产品路线对比Night-vision technology landscape
在被动、可见光、低照度成像这条路上，SPAD 兼具最高灵敏度与可量产的硅基工艺。For passive, visible-light, low-light imaging, SPAD combines the highest sensitivity with a manufacturable silicon process.
| 对比项Criteria | TOF 芯片ToF | 红外图像芯片IR imager | 传统 CISStandard CIS | SPAD 光子计数 (photon counting) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 主要用途Primary use | 测距 / 检测Ranging / detection | 目标检测Detection | 图像传感Imaging | 图像传感Imaging |
| 工作模式Mode | 主动（红外光源）Active (IR source) | 被动Passive | 被动Passive | 被动Passive |
| 工作照度Illumination | — | 避开强光Avoid bright light | ≥ 1 lux | ≥ 0.01 lux |
| 制造工艺Process | Si 基 CMOSSi CMOS | III-V 族半导体III-V compound | Si 基 CMOSSi CMOS | Si 基 CMOSSi CMOS |
| 模组成本Module cost | 高High | 中Medium | 低Low | 低Low |
看看 SPAD 在真实场景里的表现See SPAD perform in the real world
GLXOne 的低光与高动态实拍样张，最能说明问题。GLXOne's real low-light and HDR captures tell the story best.